Ack & Reject
Selectively acknowledge or reject individual KubeMQ Queue messages with the C++ SDK to control redelivery.
Overview
Ack and reject give you per-message control over queue delivery instead of an all-or-nothing batch outcome. When receiver->Poll fetches a batch with auto_ack = false, each message stays in an open transaction on the broker — invisible to other consumers — until the consumer explicitly settles it. That's what you need when one bad record in a batch shouldn't take the rest down with it.
Settlement happens through two calls on the received message: dm.Ack(), which permanently removes it from the queue, and dm.Nack(), which returns it to the queue for redelivery. Internally the broker tracks this against a receive count, which a dead-letter policy can use to stop retrying a poison message forever.
Gotchas: an unsettled message isn't gone — it snaps back to the queue once the transaction expires, so a slow consumer looks identical to a rejecting one; settle every message before that deadline, and never assume a batch is fully processed until you've called Ack() or Nack() on each one individually.
Prerequisites
- KubeMQ server running on
localhost:50000 - C++ SDK installed (vcpkg or CMake FetchContent)
- C++17 compiler (GCC 9+, Clang 9+, MSVC 2019+)
Code
// Example: queues/ack_reject
//
// Demonstrates individual message acknowledgment and rejection using
// the queue downstream receiver. Messages can be individually acked
// (confirmed) or rejected (nacked) back to the queue.
//
// Channel: cpp-queues.ack-reject
// Client ID: cpp-queues-ack-reject-client
//
// Run with a KubeMQ server on localhost:50000
// (see https://docs.kubemq.io/deploy).
#include <kubemq/kubemq.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::cout << "[1] Connecting to localhost:50000" << std::endl;
kubemq::ClientOptions options;
options.set_address("localhost", 50000);
options.set_client_id("cpp-queues-ack-reject-client");
auto client_result = kubemq::Client::Create(options);
if (!client_result.ok()) {
std::cerr << "[ERROR] Failed to create client: " << client_result.status().message()
<< std::endl;
return 1;
}
auto& client = *client_result;
std::string channel = "cpp-queues.ack-reject";
// Send two messages.
std::cout << "[2] Sending 2 messages to queue " << channel << std::endl;
for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
auto msg_result = kubemq::QueueMessage::Builder()
.SetChannel(channel)
.SetBody("msg-" + std::to_string(i))
.Build();
if (!msg_result.ok()) {
std::cerr << "[ERROR] Build message " << i << ": " << msg_result.status().message()
<< std::endl;
return 1;
}
auto send_result = client->SendQueueMessage(*msg_result);
if (!send_result.ok()) {
std::cerr << "[ERROR] SendQueueMessage: " << send_result.status().message()
<< std::endl;
return 1;
}
if (send_result->is_error) {
std::cerr << "[ERROR] Send failed: " << send_result->error << std::endl;
return 1;
}
}
std::cout << "[3] Sent 2 messages" << std::endl;
// Poll messages with manual acknowledgment (AutoAck=false).
std::cout << "[4] Creating downstream receiver" << std::endl;
auto receiver_result = client->NewQueueDownstreamReceiver();
if (!receiver_result.ok()) {
std::cerr << "[ERROR] NewQueueDownstreamReceiver: " << receiver_result.status().message()
<< std::endl;
return 1;
}
auto& receiver = *receiver_result;
kubemq::PollRequest poll_req;
poll_req.channel = channel;
poll_req.max_items = 10;
poll_req.wait_timeout_seconds = 5;
poll_req.auto_ack = false;
std::cout << "[5] Polling with manual ack" << std::endl;
auto resp_result = receiver->Poll(poll_req);
if (!resp_result.ok()) {
std::cerr << "[ERROR] Poll: " << resp_result.status().message() << std::endl;
receiver->Close();
auto close_status = client->Close();
if (!close_status.ok()) {
std::cerr << "[ERROR] Close failed: " << close_status.message() << std::endl;
}
return 1;
}
auto& messages = resp_result->messages();
std::cout << "[6] Polled " << messages.size() << " messages" << std::endl;
// Ack the first message, Nack (reject) the second.
for (size_t i = 0; i < messages.size(); ++i) {
auto& dm = messages[i];
std::cout << " [" << i + 1 << "] body=" << dm.message().body() << std::endl;
if (i == 0) {
// Acknowledge: message is removed from the queue.
auto ack_status = dm.Ack();
if (!ack_status.ok()) {
std::cerr << "[ERROR] Ack failed: " << ack_status.message() << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << " [" << i + 1 << "] Acknowledged" << std::endl;
}
} else {
// Nack (reject): message is returned to the queue for redelivery.
auto nack_status = dm.Nack();
if (!nack_status.ok()) {
std::cerr << "[ERROR] Nack failed: " << nack_status.message() << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << " [" << i + 1 << "] Rejected (returned to queue)" << std::endl;
}
}
}
// Close the downstream receiver explicitly.
// Note: The QueueDownstreamReceiver destructor also calls Close(), but explicit
// cleanup is shown here for clarity and to match Go's defer pattern.
receiver->Close();
auto close_status = client->Close();
if (!close_status.ok()) {
std::cerr << "[ERROR] Close failed: " << close_status.message() << std::endl;
return 1;
}
std::cout << "[7] Client closed" << std::endl;
return 0;
}How It Works
- Demonstrates receiving messages and selectively acknowledging or rejecting them.
- Uses the simple queue API with manual acknowledgment control.
- Rejected messages can be re-delivered or moved to a dead-letter queue.
- Provides fine-grained control over message processing outcomes.
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